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RESEARCH BRIEF · 7 SOURCES

Separate a solver's stopping signal from solution accuracy

When does a tiny residual or smaller step fail to imply a more accurate scientific result?

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What to compare

Use the known double-root relation and exact rational Simpson errors for the fixed polynomial. A finite-precision zero is not a certified real root.

Useful outputs

  • Known-root/function examples with residual, location error and precision stated separately.
  • Complete refinement grids, including roundoff-dominated steps.
  • A source/version-pinned comparison plan for a library solver.

Inputs and prerequisites

  • Four original examples use the qualified standard-library path.
  • Library comparisons need qualified SciPy dependencies and frozen options.

What this work would not establish

  • No general convergence or condition-number theorem is established by execution.
  • Reference arithmetic and assumptions remain inspectable author-controlled material.

Start with these sources.

Original examples

Residual size versus root-location error

Compare residuals near simple and double roots at the same candidate locations to illustrate why a small residual can have different interpretations.

Rights need review
Original examples

Finite-difference step-size sensitivity

Sweep sixteen step sizes for forward and central differentiation of exp(x) at zero, exposing truncation and rounding behavior against the analytical derivative.

Rights need review
Methods

Optimization (scipy.optimize)

A solver-selection guide spanning local and global optimization, roots, constrained problems, linear programming and assignment.

Rights need review
Methods

Integration (scipy.integrate)

An official guide to quadrature from functions or samples, multiple integration and initial-value ODE solving.

Rights need review
Software

SciPy

Numerical routines for integration, differential equations, optimization, transforms, and statistical analysis.

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